A. John Clarke
B. Michel H. Devoret
C. John M. Martinis
D. All of the above
In 2025, the Physics Nobel Prize was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for showing macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantisation in an electrical circuit.
Their work opens doors to better quantum computers, quantum sensors, and quantum cryptography tools. Because when circuits can behave quantumly at larger scales, more stable and practical quantum machines are possible.